tv

16th November                            Television Industries & Audience 

lo- to research the history, companies& regulators in the Television Industry

Definitions

Publicly owned TV channel- financed by the licence fee/government and for the benefit for the public  

Commercial TV channel- TV that are privately owned by corporations for profit and have got ads 

Convergence- separate technology coming together to one device

Watershed- the time of day which certain shows are played for mature adults (9pm)

Segmented Market- dividing target audience into groups of interest

Mainstream- mass audience, that are shared by most people

Self-regulating- not regulating by outside bodies (internet)

Franchise-  licence form company of a product to use format/show/ideas (Britains got talent, Australias got talent etc)

Channel-surfing- switching channels frequently 

PSB- public service broadcasting- television and radio programmes that are broadcast to provide information, advice, or entertainment to the public without trying to make a profitTV License

TV licence- any household or business watching recording live broadcasts require to pay a license fee, fund BBC

Scheduling- the decision of the time and date that shows play for audience 

Conglomerate- large company thats made up from smaller companies 

1. When was TV introduced to the UK-  2nd November 1936
2. In 1965, how many channels were there in the uk and what were they- 3. ( BBC1, BBC2, ITV)
3. When did ITV start? Why was it so different?- 1955. It was independent television meaning it had adverts
4. Which UK channel have to follow PSB remits- BBC1 & 2, ITV, STV, Channel 4, Channel 5, Channel 3 
5. Who regulates TV now- OfCom
6. Who regulated TV channels in the 1960s- 
7. List the differences between TV in the 60s & now  

• It didn't used to be in colour 
• More channels became available

23rd November                                        Ownership & Regulation 

lo- to explore the ownership & regulation of BBC 1 & ITV

Who regulates TV in the uk?

• Ofcom which sets standards for programmes that broadcasters have to follow
• Ofcom can fine broadcasters if their programmes breach their Broadcasting Code
• They carry out regular reviews to see that terrestrial channels are fulfiling their particular PSB requirements 

PSB- Public Serving Broadcasting

• Refers to broadcasting which benefits the public rather than commercial
• In the UK the BBC is the main Psb channel and has a strict REMIT
• Other terrestrial channels have to follow PSB remit but not as strict as the BBC

PSB & The BBC

• Ofcom regulates the BBC externally
• Internally the BBC is controlled by a board of 12-14 members
• The BBC is granted a license to broadcast by ROYAL CHAPTER which must be renewed every 11 years, the charter sets out the BBC public purposes 

BBC's Mission 

Our mission is "to act in the public interest, serving all audiences through the provision of impartial, high-quality and distinctive output and services which inform, educate and entertain".

1. To provide impartial news and information to help people understand and engage with the world around them
2. To support learning for people of all ages
3. To show the most creative, highest quality and distinctive output and services
4. To reflect, represent and serve the diverse communities of all of the United Kingdom’s nations and regions and, in doing so, support the creative economy across the United Kingdom
5. To reflect the United Kingdom, its culture and values to the world

Our values are:

• AUDIENCES are at the heart of everything we do
• CREATIVITY is the lifeblood of our organisation
• TRUST is the foundation of the BBC - we’re independent, impartial and truthful
• We RESPECT each other - we’re kind, and we champion inclusivity
• We are ACCOUNTABLE and deliver work of the highest quality
• We are ONE BBC - we collaborate, learn and grow together

Commercial Channels 

• Funded through advertising
• ITV1, Channel 4 and 5 have a small PSB remit as they are terrestrial channels

ITV

• Broadcast items of national importance
• Produce a variety of programmes for a wide audience
• Produce accessibility 
• Conglomerate and non profit 

Our purpose is to entertain and connect with millions of people in the UK and globally, reflecting and shaping culture and building brands with brilliant content and creativity. This is aligned to our 2026 strategic vision, to be a leader in UK advertiser-funded streaming and an expanding global force in content.

Our Social Purpose strategy is an integral part of delivering our purpose and our strategic vision. See our Social Purpose website for further details

Our initiatives to drive growth and future value are clear. Delivering our vision will be achieved by focusing on three strategic pillars:

-Expand Studios 

-Supercharge Streaming

-Optimise Broadcast

These pillars are not independent. They work together – reinforcing each other, creating synergies and delivering value. Being a vertically integrated producer broadcaster and streamer provides us with a real competitive advantage.

Channels 

How they generate income other than advertising 

Most popular ITV program

Love Island 

Most expensive to make

Love Island

Advantages of being commercially owned 

Duopoly in the 1960s 

• The BBC and ITV broadcasted in the UK
• The tow institutions had full control over the programmes as they produced them in house 

 14th December                                        TV Audiences 

lo- to explore how audiences consume TV dramas and the appeals 

Different ways we can watch TV now

• Catch up
• Ipad
• Phone
• TV
• Laptop
• Stream
• Record 
• Live

Time-shifted- can watch what you want (people watch live TV)

Reason to watch live TV

Interactivity- voting or tweeting about a show

Spoilers- watch something as it happens not having to record it 

Loyalty- watching the show becomes part f your routine 

Second screening- encourages people to join in a discussion 

Theory: The Active Audience

This debates whether an audience is active or passive

Passive audience just accepts and believes everything the media tells them (easily influenced)

Active audience interacts with media but makes their own decisions about whether to accept or believe it (question messages and interpret meaning differently)

Why are people more active audiences now compared to the 1960s?

More channel competition

Different platforms available (media)

Interactivity is easier 

Bigger range of messages and opinions to find different sources

We are more aware that some sources are less trust worthy than others 

Scheduling 

Very important to competing channels (BBC & ITV)

Peak viewing time is 6pm- 10:30pm

Audience ratings are measured by the Broadcasters Audience Research Board (BARB)

Watershed

A time when broadcasters can show any content that isn't suitable for ages up to 15 years old this includes- sexual content, violence, graphic or disturbing imagery/language

Overseen by OFCOM and is between 9pm-5:30am

18 rated cannot be shown until after 10pm

Serial TV Drama

Any TV drama that is organised into episodes 

Typically between 3&12 episodes

It has a continuing plot that unfolds in a sequential episodes-by-episode fashion

TV Drama

Follows main story arcs that span an entire season- often containing complex narratives and key characters that evolve throughout the season 

TV Drama sub-genres

• Crime- Sherlock
• Period- Bridgeton
• Teen- Wednesday
• Medical- Greys Anatomy 
• Science-Fiction- Stranger Things 
• Fantasy- The Umbrella Academy
• Political- The Crown 

11th January                                         The 1960's

Lo- research the social, historical and political context of The Avengers

In the exam, you'll be graded on your knowledge of the social, cultural and historical factors that influenced the narrative, characters, props, sound and themes of the popular 1960's show The Avengers

Research Task:

Find 5 key moments from 1961-1965, this could be- political events, sporting, musical, arts events, box office hit films, science, technology developments

1. John F Kennedy was assassinated-1963

2. The Beatles released their first song-1962

3. The number movie (in the US) was Marry Poppins-1964

4. Martin Luther King Jr gave his 'I Have a Dream' speech-1963

5. The first episode of Dr Who was aired- 1963

Who were the first famous bands?How was it different from previous decades?

The Beatles begun rising to the top

The main genre in the 1960's was pop compared to the 1950's which was more rock and roll

Which political party was in power in 1945? Who was the PM? 

Labour was in power with Harold Wilson as PM

Were illegal drugs, according to the media, a big part of culture?

Hippies were very big in this decades, smoking marijuana, trying heroin and professor urging the world to try LSD. Drugs were a very big part of culture

What scientific development changed women's lives? 

The pill

What significant historic events happened?

The civil rights act and Supreme Court rulings to end segregation were changed

Martin Luther King Jr marched 

Malcolm X was assassinated 

Civil Rights Act made it illegal for someone to be discriminated against based of their skin colour 

The Cold War was at its height 

What wars were being fought around the world?

Vietnam war-1965

Cold War

What were people protesting about in the UK?

The Vietnam War, Free Speech, Racism

How would life have been different in the 1960's for women, men and different races compared to now in the UK?
Women faced widespread discrimination in the workplace with limited career opportunities and lower pay compared to men. 

Men didn't hold a role as a caretaker of children, they were seen as the provider, they were sexually dominant, not permitted to show many emotions.

Races other than white were discriminated against facing unemployment, abuse and hatred for their skin colour

Key Contextual Areas

Concerns over the Cold War

In 1965, the Cold War was at its height. Britain was part of NATO- a group of 12 western countries who agreed to support each other in the face of a Soviet attack. n retaliation, The Soviet Union formed a pact with seven other communist countries. Europe was divided in two armed sides 

Threat of Nuclear War

Anxieties about nuclear was were common as both the Soviet Union and the US were building up their armies and weapons 

In 1962, The Cuban Missile Crisis took place over a terrifying week when the two countries took the world to the brink of nuclear war

Espionage

Both sides in the Cold War used ESPIONAGE- as a way of finding out what the other side was doings as a way to plant false information. A number of double agents were found guilty of spying in the early 60's and either defected or were imprisoned

This meant that espionage was a common theme in films and TV programmes

19th January                                         The Avengers (1965)

lo- research the TV show The Avengers 

The Avengers (1965)

1. Which institution (channel) produced the show

ITV then there was a deal where the ABC could air it in America 

2. Who was the primary and secondary audience (age rating/interests etc)?

Mainstream adult audience 

3. When did the first episode air?

7th January 1961

4. How many seasons were made?

6 seasons 

5. What date/year was the last episode aired?

21st April 1969

6. What was the budget for series 4?

£56,000 per episode- due to the deal with ABC it meant that their budget was able to be more expensive 

Video Notes 

Names of the two main characters and their actors

John Steve -Patrick Whitney (appealed to the older generation as he was traditional)

Emma Peel- Diana Rigg (named that to have man appeal and to look good for men represented the younger generation, first time you had a female character with the same status as a man)

Why was the show so popular?

Adrenaline charged action adventure show, it was a secret spy themed show which was very popular in that century anyway. 

Very surprising and it was about 'beautiful England' they had no family or social problems which allowed people to enjoy watching it. 

Always had an interesting plot as they were mad and whacky but people seemed to enjoy them.

Humorous spy thriller which really appealed to a working class audience (normal people)

Notes

• The 4th series was different due to the $2 million deal with the ABC, it was shot on film meaning it gave them a higher production value
• They could spend money on costumes and props 
• The Avengers aired at 9:05pm on Saturdays which was a PEAK AUDIENCE TO ATTRACT AN AUDIENCE 
• The 4th series attracted audiences of around 7 million and was often in the top 10 ratings
• Because of additional money from the ABC the show could afford much higher production values 

Summary of the episode:

1) The narrative 

Going to a little sea side town and trying to find the missing agents and what has happened to them

2) The characters 

John Steed and Mrs Emma Peel 

Piggy Warren

Mrs Manson

Tom Smallwood

Mr Brandon

3) How the episode shows the social and cultural context (the mid 60s)

Drinking tea on the train- very British thing to do

4) Audience appeal

Comedic relief

25th January                             The Avengers: The Town of No Return

lo- to explore the narrative, characters and appeal of series 4 episode 1

Do Now:

List everything you can remember about The Avengers 1965

It was on at peak time

There are two main characters and the female character was equal to the male character 

It was bought by an american brand called ABC this meant that they had more money to spend on costumes, props, settings, equipment ect.

When Watching

Look out for stereotypes

• The fisherman at the start- dressed in a chunky knitted sweater, fishermen's cap
• Ex-army officer at the pub- hairstyle, moustache, posh voice(over the top stereotype) 
• Vicar stereotype- talks about the choir, the church, his flock
• The solider's uniform look something like Russias, who they were fighting at the time 

Difference between gender roles 

• Hits her on the bum
• Similar status to him yet he's the one who calls the shots, he won the fencing match and gets away with hitting her on the bum (patriarchal society)
• Breaks stereotypes as he pours the tea rather than her 
• Steed decided for her to have a drink even though she declined the offer 
• Women's roles- school teacher
• Men roles- school inspector, blacksmith, pub owner 
• Steel is the one who goes to the danger while she is told to just stay where she is 
• Peel subverts stereotypes as she isn't scared when 2 guns are being pointed at her
• Sexualises her when she is being found by Steel- tied up in leather 
• When fighting Peel is just pulling on hair, when Steel is running around and rolling 
• Subverts as she is driving by he has to correct her and she doesn't know how to drive 

British stereotypes (as this would have been the first episode that would have been shown in the USA)

• Britain's always have afternoon tea every day
• It always rains in England 
• Typical British pub

Summary of the episode:

1) The narrative 

Going to a little sea side town and trying to find the missing agents and what has happened to them

2) The characters 

MAIN PROTAGONISES 

John Steed- represents traditional, the hat and umbrella is typical British traditions, is dressed more traditionally

Mrs Emma Peel - Represented the modern generation, she has a flat which is very modern, she's dressed in new fashion and is seen as very fashionable 

OTHER CHARACTERS 

Piggy Warren

Mrs Manson

Tom Smallwood

Mr Brandon

3) How the episode shows the social and cultural context (the mid 60s)

Drinking tea on the train- very British thing to do

Fear of secret invasion, when the episode is based off people coming up from a submarine and taking back village's on e by one, very fitting for the time in the 60s

4) Audience appeal

Comedic relief- When Steed is trying to hide from the man he puts a book over his face which is titled 'How to Disappear', when they are drinking tea on the train he pulls the tea pot out of his bag

Mystery aspect increases the tension and suspense for the audience makes them want to keep on watching 

1st February                          The Avengers: The Town of No Return

lo- to explore the narrative, characters and appeal of Series 4 Episode 1 

How Uses & Gratifications Theory by Blumeler & Katz are seen in The Avengers 

P- Personal identity (could have similar background, you can relate to the character)

• The older and younger generation are both able to relate tot he main protagonist, this helps people find the same qualities in the characters as they do in themselves
• Can be aspiration for the audience as people may look up towards 
• Can reinforce their own personal values and beliefs 

I- Information (to learn something through the media)

• Learning about the life of secret agents and what they would do
• Gain information on how the upper class live as many were from a working class
• Could feel reassured they the agents would protect them in real life 
• An US audience would see how the British lived

E- Entertainment (what is exactly that you find entertaining)

• For an 60s audience it is very humorous so them and easy comedy
• The story line is interesting as many scenes leave you on suspense and cause tension  
• Could enjoy the escapist plot 
• Trying to work out what happens before the agents do, emercing themselves into the plot 
• Could de-stress them
• Excitement of the situations the agents get themselves in
• Repetitive formula every week can entertain them as they know the formula the kind of familiarity can be entertaining 

S- Social interaction 

Others who have watched this may talk about it as it was a very popular show at the time 

Brings people together and people would invite others over, as there was only one TV most would watch it all together as a family

Needing o watch it there and then as you couldn't watch it again

Familiarity with the characters as you see them each week to see what they are up to that week 

Audience Appeal

They were able to film on location and not just in the studio anymore, back then it would have been new and interesting

Costumes would have been fascinating for some

Editing would have looked sophisticated and new for a 60s audience 

Major concerns at the time:

• Cold War
• Threat of Nuclear War
• Threat of Foreign Invasion
• Espionage- Spys 

3 Examples that show how these concerns influenced the episode: 

Espionage- as they were secret agents and people were impersonating  people from the village 

Threat of Foreign Invasion- the were trying to take over village by village and recruiting people from a submarine and then coming up and taking over, the uniform the army was wearing looked a lot like a Russians uniform

Nuclear War- the mass amount of food stored in the school to survive, bunker full of weaponry

Reassuring the audience

-Comedy

-The spy's actually win the battle  

- The main characters aren't particularly worried about it (when Peel has a gun pointed to her and she doesn't look very worried)

References to WW2- The scene where Steed walks around the deserted air field and doffs his hat to his reflection is a salute to all those involved in WW2 and remind the audience that Britain triumphed 

Humour- When Steed is trying to disappear from the man on the train and covers his face with a book titled 'How to Disappear'

Melodrama- When Steed and Peel were in the train and he gets out a cup of tea from his bag this exaggerates the British stereotype of always drinking tea 

Casting & Performance- Both a male and female were main characters, but there was still casual sexism when Steed is the one who goes into the danger instead of Peel

Commitment to duty- When Peel was able to defeat an enemy giving a female audience some reassurance as if a women can do then the enemy must have been very weak as women in the 60s were seen as weak

Representation of the enemy- Seen when the vicar is fighting Peel yet all he manages to do is put his hand over her face which presents the enemy as stupid and as if they were never going to win anyway

10 mark question- aim to write about 2-3 paragraphs 

Explain how social contexts influence television programmes 

Social context really influenced television series in the 60s this is shown in the series The Avengers where the main two characters are a male and a female. This helped shape television as it enabled women to find the courage and to know that they aren't weak the way that society paints them out to be. We can see this in the episode when Emma Peel a main character is shown to be strong and calm when being threatened with her life, making her a strong female lead. 

  

We also see how society is shown in the episode as again the two main characters are significant of the older and younger generation. The older generation can be seen in Steed as we know he wears a waist coat and a tie and suit, a top hat and overall looks very classy and traditional. On the other hand Emma Peel is wearing more fashionable and expensive designer labels compared to Steed. She is significant of everything that is modern and the younger generation. in particular. We can see this throughout the episode, this is significant of the cultural context in the 1960s

We are also made away of the problems that surrounded Britain such as threat of secret agents, this however is made to see as humorous towards the characters as it shows how if anything did ever happen they would be able to defeat them. This is because when Peel is fighting off an enemy is almost gives the audience that reassurance as it shows how if a women could do it then so could they. Giving them no threat of endangerment at all while still leaving the audience in suspense and increasing the tension. This all links to the cultural and social context that surround the 1960s in this time. 

22nd February                             The Avengers: Extract Analysis 

lo- to explore elements of media language and practice how to analyse an extract 

Q1 always about one media language- 5 MARKS 

Media Language- What this includes 

• Camerawork
• Mise-en-scene- the one to hope for as its got the one with the most to talk about
• Editing
• Sound

Camerawork:

What you should be looking for

- Shot types

- Camera Angles

- Camera Movement 

Terms you need to know and understand:

• long, mid, medium close up, extreme close up and close up shots
• establishing shots (beginning of a scene establishes where the scene is often wide angled and shows you where the scene is taking place)
• low angle, high angle, canted angle (almost tilted angle used a lot to show that something isn't right) or aerial shots
• point-of-view shots
• camera movement; tracking, steadicam (where the camera is on someone giving it a smoother shot) or crane shots
• hand-held camera
• shallow focus (the foreground is in focus and everything else isn't) and focus pulls (focus changes but the camera stays in the same place)

1. The long shot when the three antagonised ran down the only exit with guns used to emphasise the danger that they are in as it places them in a position that they cannot escape the room and that they are two against three making it seem like that was the end for them as there was no escape

2. The camera was tracking Emma Peel during the fight scene which was shaky as it was hand held as this showed the audience how the danger was following them and wasn't giving up, it also increased tension and exaggerated the amount of danger they were in 

*Avoid mid shots as they are so many and not much to talk about 

*Don't just say what the shot is say where the shot was used 

Mise-en-scene:

What you should be looking for

- High key & low key lighting

- Location/set

- Costume and make-up

- Props

- Casting and performance style

- Blocking (where they place characters within the scene)

1. Emma Peels costume shows how she is from the city compared to other people in the pub that she is in shows how she has more money and cares about fashion as she is wearing something trendy and juxtaposes her with the others in the scene

2. The props used such as dart boards and planes shows how there is an derelict aircraft and the dart board shows how its a stereotypical British pub without it in the scene it wouldn't be entirely clear that they were in a pub and it makes it clear of their location as it further reinforces those British stereotypes

29th February                                               Extract Analysis- Continued 

Editing: the way the individual cuts have been ordered to create a narrative 

What you should be looking for:

- Juxtaposition

- Graphic match/Match cut (there a visual math between scenes)

- Montages

- Crosscutting (cuts between two things that are happening at the same time increasing the tension e.g. someone on a phone call)

- Speed of editing

- Transitions: dissolve (between two very different scenes it connects them together), wipe, fade (black background suggests a passing of time)

- Post-production effects: CGI, green screening

- Cutting on action (cut as a movement is happening e.g. if someone is punching someone then it cuts to them falling on the floor)

- Cut away (in the middle of a scene it cuts to something else e.g. a flashback)

Different elements in The Avengers 

1) crosscutting between two things to increase the tension and being able top read their facial expression when finding out where Emma Peel actually is

2) graphic match when the candle and fire match together suggests that she is hidden there as it connects the two scenes together. 

3) cutting on action creates more tension in the scene and presents Steed as powerful as he was able to escape used in the fight scene with Steed and the blacksmith, shows the drama and movement in a scene

4) cut away when he says that Peel has left but then it cuts to the bags has an effect that he's lying and makes us suspicious, gives the audience an intel and can make them seem as if they can join in and find out where Peel actually is  

Write a paragraph explaining how one sound element was used in the clip and the meaning it was used to construct. 

They have used a cut away in the scene where Piggie is telling Steed the Emma Peel has left but then it zooms onto her bags. This conveys feeling of tension for the audience as it makes them suspicious about Piggie. However it also allows the audience to play the part of Steed as they are entailed into information that only them and Steed know, it makes them able to play the part of a detective creating suspense as they wait to figure out where Peel has actually gone.

Sound

What you should be looking for:

- Music 

- Diegetic (if you where in the scene you would be able to hear it)

- Non-diegetic (if you weren't in the scene you wouldn't be able to hear it)

- Sound effects

- Sound bridge (connects two scenes through sound)

- Voiceover 

- Parallel sound (sound matches what you are seeing)

- Contrapuntal sound (sound doesn't match what you are seeing)

 

The diegetic sound of the tape that has a singing choir on it juxtaposes the idea as it shows how the victor is actually in on it yet he is seen be heavenly, when it stops it makes the audience focus on the scene and empathises the danger that she's in 

The contrapuntal sound of the dogs barking connote a sense of danger 

They have used diegetic sound of a singing choir in the scene where Peel is telling the fake victor about what she has discovered. This could juxtapose the music and the victor as he is actually an imposter yet he is supposedly holy and in God's house. When the music stops it makes the audience focus on the scene and listen more carefully to it making it seem very important, but it also emphasises the danger that Peel is in and how she is going to get out of it.

7th March                                               Extract Analysis

LO- to explore extract based questions and how to answer them effectively 

Do Now:

1) sound, editing, camera work, mise-en-scene

2) 2 examples for Q1

3) marks worth- 5 marks 

Q1- Give two different examples from the extract

- Explain why they were used & what the meaning was that they constructed 

1. How was camerawork used to create meaning 

STRUCTURE 

D escribe- the technique and what it shows 
E xplain- support with specific evidence (connotations)
L ink- to the overall context/meaning of the scene/ audience reaction 

The camera was tracking John Steed when fighting the fake blacksmith, the use of tracking increased tension which was already high due to the fight scene. It also emphasised how the fake blacksmith wouldn't go down without a fight as tracking someone is a relentless task that is repetitive shown in the scene

There was also a establishing shot at the end of the scene where we saw Peel and Steed about to go searching for this secret underground bunker. This empathised the shear isolation that surrounded them therefore increasing the tension for the audience as they imagine themselves in the same position leaving the audience in suspense as we wait to see where Steed and Peel go. 

Q2- Analyse how far type question

- could be on media language or representation

- 10 marks=10 minutes 

- make a judgement- a lot, some what or not a lot 

- specific examples to support

- can look at any areas of media language for your answer 

2. Analyse how far the extract creates tension

In your answer you must:

• analyse aspects of the extract using examples to support your analysis
• judge how far these aspects create tension 

Common techniques used for creating tension are:

+ music- listen for a change in tempo or volume

+ editing pace- look for a change

+ audience position- who are we supposed to be in the same position as?

+ focus on key narrative elements 

STRUCTURE:

Example 1- DEL

Example 2- DEL

Example 3- DEL 

Judgement- say how far you agree 

The extract creates tension through the mise-en-scene in the extract, this is seen when in the fight scene and the fake blacksmith is holding a firing horse shoe. This creates tension for the audience as we see how a burning flame is getting closer and closer to Steeds face increasing the suspense of what will happen next in the fight scene and of course the tension, this is all don't by the specific props used to capture the setting of the scene.

The extract creates tension by the setting, this is when looking at the school Steed and Peel go to. This creates tension as the audience don't know why the school has lots of food in there and are figuring out about the operation that is in place. It is significant as it increases the tension of the scene as a audience begins to play the part of a detective an emerse themselves into the plot 

However we don't see tension in the body language and facial expressions used by the characters as they stay calm throughout the scene. For instance when Peel is tied up in the stables she is still very neutral in the way she is displaying herself, this makes an audience feel calmer in a scene with high tension as they see the main character very calm. 

In conclusion I some what agree to the statement 

Q3- Analyse & theoretical framework

-  15 marks=15 minutes

- three points

- introduction and conclusion

- make a judgement- a lot, somewhat or not a lot 

- no right judgement as long as you can support with your ideas from the extract

- you can look at any areas of media language for your answer 

- specific examples to support from the extract 

- include points about media language, audience, industries & representation and context

3. How far does the extract create a stereotypical representation of men? 

In your answer you must:

• analyse aspects of media language and representation giving detailed examples
• make judgements and draw conclusions 

L anguage
I ndustry
A udience 
R epresentation 

1. consider what male stereotypes are in the extract

2. consider what male anti-stereotypes are in there

3. decide which there are more of- to decide on how far judgment 

4. can you link these steroertypes to context of the 1960s

You can look for stereotypes in terms of looks, actions, attitude or narrative 

STRUCTURE:

Example 1- media language 

Example 2- representation

Example 3- audience 

Conclusion- link judgement to context of 1960s 

The male steroeotypes in The Avengers are seen as traditional. We cans see this in the mise-en-scene of the main character Steed as he wears umbrellas and 

21st March                                            Television in the 2010s

lo- to explore the context pf the 2010s and the effect on TV shows and audiences 

Do Now:

List all the ays that society is different today from the 1960s

• better gender equality
• more inclusive in race, religion and sexuality
• able to stream shows on TV or record live programs 
• improved technology  
• conservative party in charge rather than a labour party
• more diverse society 

2010

- Britain passed the equality act (discrimination was illegal)

- Far more multicultural than it was in the 60s

- Attitudes towards sexuality is far more accepting then in the 60s 

2015

- Threat of terrorism- Afghanistan war, Syrian war, Isis, terror attacks in the UK. Korean nuclear capability

- Blackberry riots- protesting about racial inequality

- Brexit

- Trump election

CUFFS

• New BBC 1 series
• focuses on the day to day actions of the UK police solving crime
• Aired in October 2015
• Broadcasted at 8pm on Wednesday, peak viewing time (only day of the week that Eastenders so there was pressure to deliver to a large audience)
• Pre-watershed Cuffs targeted a broad family audience of 16-65- cannot be that graphic 
• offered a range of characters and storylines to appeal as many segments of demographic as possible
• Everyday relatable story lines, each episode had a narrative art (started and ended in the episode) also had over arch narrative where the story continues with the character making a audience want to continue to watch on 
• Storylines are quite superficial 

Notes 

MAIN CHARACTERS 

- PC Ryan Draper 

- PC Jake Vickers

- DS Jo Moffat

- Chief Super Robert Vickers

- DC Cart Hawkins

- DI Felix Kane

- PC Donna Prager

- PC Lino Moretti

18th April                                      Cuffs & Audience Appeal 

lo- to analyse the appeals of TV drama 

Do Now 

How was cuffs (2015) different from the avengers (1960)

• Women were in positions of power 
• Sexuality is represented in the characters
• Multicultural society due to diverse cast
• Less stereotypes were being used to humour an audience
• More gender equality 

Propps Theory

The Hero- the police (PC Jake Vickers)

The Villain- the criminals (Chief Vickers)

The Donor- Ryan Draper 

The Helper- Ryan Draper

The Princess- solving the crimes or arresting the criminals 

The Dispatcher- Station officer 

The Princesses Father- Station Officer 

The False Hero- Ryan Draper 

Audience Appeals U&G- Blumler & Katz

P ersonal identity

Being able to relate to a certain character in the series 

Different sexualities and races that people can relate toward

I nformation
Learning about the way that the police deal with crimes and how they act in emergency scenarios 

E ntertainment 

Being able to escape the real world by watching the series and emerging yourself into the plot

Different narrative every episode includes a chance for more suspense and excitement 

Personal drama in the relationships and at work

Humour and action makes it more entertaining 

S ocial interaction 

Being able to discuss each episode with others and friends 

Social media allows a chance to comment and share their thoughts and feelings about the show (twitter and facebook are the most common socials in 2015)

Cuffs & Social Contexts 

lo- to analyse representations and influence of social & cultural context in Cuffs 

2015 Social Values:

• Far more gender equality
• Class structure supposedly disappeared
• Acceptance of a range of sexualities
• Attitudes to outsiders/foreigners (more accepting that in The Avengers as espionage was a fear in society)
• Patriarchal society less evident
• Multicultural society- Equalities Act 2010
• Changing attitudes towards the police 

Stronger roles for women reflect gender equality

Jo is the one who organises the press conference and holds power to her name in her high ranking job

A change in attitudes towards masculinity, different male roles presented in a positive light

Jake is openly gay and its absolutely fine and nothing to make a big deal about 

Ryan doing jobs that a mother figure would have like brushing hair as he is a single father 

Traditional 'masculine' and 'feminine' qualities no longer reserved for particular genders 

Felix not being masculine but is an effective detective who solves the cases 

Jo goes in the house and is seen as physically strong 

How is Donna represented in the episode:

Seen as strong 

Seen as independant 

Seen equal

Being respected 

25th April                                                    Cuffs & Audience Appeal 

lo- to analyse the appeals of TV drama 

do now:

How the police were represented overall-

• lack authority
• positively
• challenges the police faced on a daily basis as negatively 
• officers who are just trying to do their job
• realistic representation

Cuffs men roles and representations

Chief Superintendent Vickers- more traditional representation of masculinity as the dominate controlling male whose job it is to keep of detectives and police officers in line, represented as authoritative and patriarchal in both his work and personal life

DI Felix Kane- represented as less masculine as he isn't presented as authoritative and is very quiet and almost the silent hero of the story as he doesn't take any congratulations. He is seen to be very smart and independent as he works all alone, presented as a very calm character. A very isolated character 

PC Jake Vickers- subvert the gay stereotypes that a gay role is usually represented with, shows how more accepting society was surrounding sexuality. He is also seen as very strong and independent when out on the job, however he is presented with a high status and constant privilege due to the position that his dad has. Inexperienced but keen to impress the over officers and his dad. Represented as very masculine apart from his sexuality

Ryan Draper 

- He holds power due to him mentoring Jake and is well respected by his peers presenting him with masculine qualities

- He bravely confronts the racist criminal but this is then contradicted when he is brushing his daughters hair which makes his feminine qualities shine

- He is also a single parent which reinforces the feminine qualities 

Changing Attitudes- Multiculturalism

Differences in ethnicity are accepted-

Diverse range of ethnicities both in the public and the police force 

Police investigating crimes with the same level of work no matter the race

Racism still exists in Britain-

The racist attacker that killed a child due to his skin colour/culture

Racist group represented very negatively

A very run down house and are living in mess

Anti social behaviour

Seen as very aggressive characters 

They walked together in a gang

Looked very scruffy, tattoos, skinhead, rundown council estate

The powerful anti-racist message reflects society attitudes in 2015

Changing Attitudes- Age

Different ages represented to have complicated person lives

Chief officer considering his age was still complicated

Complicated personal life with being a single parent 

Younger generation seen to be attractive, physically fit and energetic

Youth associated with inexperience, age with experience 

Jake hesitated before going into the house and he lacked 

Changing Attitude: The Police